Reference List

Important articles, books and documents:

• WHO recommendations on self-care interventions: self-management of medical abortion
• Coronavirus (COVID-19) infection and abortion care
• Telemedicine for medical abortion: a systematic review
• Clinical follow-up compared with self-assessment of outcome after medical abortion: a multicentre, non-inferiority, randomised, controlled trial. Oppegaard KS¹, Qvigstad E², Fiala C³, Heikinheimo O⁴, Benson L⁵, Gemzell-Danielsson K⁶. Lancet. 2015 Feb 21;385(9969):698-704
• John Riddle. Contraception and Abortion from the ancient world to the renaissance. Harvard University Press 1994.
• Gilda Sedgh et al. Induced abortion: incidence and trends worldwide from 1995 to 2008. The lancet Volume 379, Issue 9816, 18–24 February 2012. Pages 625–632.
• World Health Organization. Safe abortion: technical and policy guidance for health systems (2012). Second edition.
• Preventable maternal mortality and morbidity and human rights. Human Rights Council Eleventh Session Resolution 11/8
• World abortion laws
• von Hertzen H et al. Efficacy of two intervals and two routes of administration of misoprostol for termination of early pregnancy: a randomised controlled equivalence trial. The Lancet. 2007 Jun 9;369(9577):1938-46.
• Kulier R. Medical methods for first trimester abortion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Nov 9;(11):CD002855.
• Nanda K et al. Expectant care versus surgical treatment for miscarriage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Mar 14;3:CD003518
• Gomperts RJ et al. Using telemedicine for termination of pregnancy with mifepristone and misoprostol in settings where there is no access to safe services. BJOG. 2008 Aug;115(9):1171-5; discussion 1175-8.
• Gomperts R et al. Regional differences in surgical intervention following medical termination of pregnancy provided by telemedicine. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2012 Feb;91(2):226-31.
• Gomperts R et al. Provision of medical abortion using telemedicine in Brazil. Contraception. 2013 Nov 12.
• The General Comment of the Committee on Economic Social and Cultural Rights on the right to the highest attainable standard of health in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights at paragraph 42 states: “While only States are parties to the Covenant and thus ultimately accountable for compliance with it, all members of society - individuals, including health professionals, families, local communities, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, civil society organizations, as well as the private business sector - have responsibilities regarding the realization of the right to health. State parties should therefore provide an environment which facilitates the discharge of these responsibilities.

Reference List Q and A

1. Grossman,|Daniel, Charlotte Ellertson, David A. Grimes and Dilys Walker. (2004) Routine Follow-up Visits After First-Trimester Induced Abortion. .Obstetrics and Gynecology (103)4:738-745

2. Ellertson, Charlotte, Batya Elul, Shuha Ambardekar, Lindy Wood, Julie Carroll and Kurus Coyaji. (2000) Accuracy of assessment of pregnancy duration by women seeking early abortions. Lancet 355: 877-881.

3. Taylor, Diana, Ann C. Hwang and Felicia H. Stewart. (2004) Care for Women Choosing Medication Abortion. The Nurse Practitioner 29(10):65-70.

4. International Consortium for Medical Abortion. (2004) Medical Abortion: Expanding Access to Safe Abortion and Saving Women's Lives. Statement from: Medical Abortion: An International Forum on Policies, Programmes and Services, 17-20 October 2004, Johannesburg, South Africa. Medical Abortion Consortium (Retrieved July 26, 2005)

5. Elul, Batya, Selma Hajri, Nguyen thi Nhu Ngoc, Charlotte Ellertson, Claude Ben Slama, Elizabeth Pearlman and Beverly Winikoff. (2001) Can women in less-developed countries use a simplified medical abortion regimen? Lancet 357:1402-05.

6. The Population Council. (1998) Medical Methods of Early Abortion in Developing Countries: Consensus Statement. Contraception 58:257-59.

7. Harper, Cynthia, Charlotte Ellertson and Beverly Winikoff. (2002) Could American women use mifepristone-misoprostol pills safely with less medical supervision? Contraception 65:133-142.

8. Ashok, P.W., A. Templeton, P.T. Wagaarachchi and G.M.M. Flett. (2004) Midtrimester medical termination of pregnancy: a review of 1002 consecutive cases. Contraception 69:51-8.

9. Grimes, David A. (2005) Risks of Mifepristone Abortion in Context. Contraception 71.

10. E.C.H. Sorensen et al. (2005) Failed Medical Termination of Twin Pregnancy with Mifepristone: A Case Report. Contraception 71:231-233.

11. Wiebe, Ellen, Edith Guilbert, Francis Jacot, Caitlin Shannon and Beverly Winikoff. (2004) A Fatal Case of Clostridium sordellii Septic Shock Syndrome Associated With Medical Abortion. Obstetrics and Gynecology 104(5):1142-44.

12. Monday, July 18, 2005 7:38:39 PM ET, Abortion pill maker alerts doctors to five deaths. Reuters, Washington. Retrieved July 19, 2005.

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20. Hamoda, Haitham, Premila W. Ashok, Gillian M.M. Flett, and Allan Templeton. (2005) Medical abortion at 9-13 weeks gestation: a review of 1076 consecutive cases. Contraception 71: 327-332.

21. Ashok, Premila W., Avril Kidd, Gillian M.M. Flett, Ann Fitzmaurice, Wendy Graham and Allan Templeton. (2002) A randomized comparison of medical abortion and surgical vacuum aspiration at 10-13 weeks gestation. Human Reproduction (17)1: 92-98.

22. Ashok, Premila W., Allan Templeton, Prabhath T. Wagaarachchi, and Gillian M.M. Flett. (2002) Factors affecting the outcome of early medical abortion: a review of 4132 consecutive cases. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 109: 1281-1289.

23. Chen, Aimin, Wei Yuan, Olav Meirik, Xianmi Wang, Shi-Zong Wu, Lifeng Zhou, Lin Lou, Ersheng Gao and Yimin Cheng. (2004) Mifepristone-induced Early Abortion and Outcome of Subsequent Wanted Pregnancy. American Journal of Epidemiology (160)2: 110-117.

24. Coyaji, Kurus, Batya Elul, Usha Krishna, Suhas Otiv, Shubha Ambardekar, Arti Bopardikar, Veena Raote, Charlotte Ellertson and Beverly Winikoff. (2001) Mifepristone abortion outside the urban research hospital setting in India. Lancet 357: 120-21.

25. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia, Ectopic pregnancy

26. Kruse, Beth, Suzanne Poppema, Mitchell D. Creinin and Maureen Paul. (2000) Management of side effects and complications in medical abortion. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 183(2):S65-S75.

27. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (1999) The Rh Factor: How It Can Affect Your Pregnancy. Medem Network: Medical Library.

28. Schaff, E.A., S.L. Fielding, S.H. Eisinger et al. (2000) Low-dose mifepristone followed by vaginal misoprostol at 48 hours for abortion up to 63 days. Contraception 61:41-46.

29. Rossi, Brooke, Mitchell D. Creinin and Leslie A. Meyn. (2004) Ability of the clinician and patient to predict the outcome of mifepristone and misoprostol medical abortion. Contraception 70:313-17.

30. Grimes, David A. and Mitchell D. Creinin. (2004) Induced Abortion: An Overview for Internists. Annals of Internal Medicine 140(8):620-27.

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36. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2005) Clostridium sordellii Toxic Shock Syndrome After Medical Abortion with Mifepristone and Intravaginal Misoprostol United States and Canada, 2001 2005. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 54(29):724.

37. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2005) FDA Public Health Advisory: Sepsis and Medical Abortion. FDA Retrieved August 5, 2005.

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40. Creinin, Mitchel D, Eliane Shore, Shyamala Balasubramanian and Bryna Harwood. (2005) The true cost differential between mifepristone and misoprostol and misoprostol-alone regimens for medical abortion.
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44. Daulaire, Nils, Pat Leidl, Laurel Mackin, Colleen Murphy, and Laura Stark. (2002) Promises to Keep: The Toll of Unintended Pregnancies on Women?s Lives in the Developing World. Global Health Council: Washington, D.C.

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61. Middleton T, Schaff EA, Fielding SL, Scahill M, Shannon C, Westheimer E, Wilkinson T, Winikoff B. Randomized trial of mifepristone and buccal or vaginal misoprostol for abortion through 56 days of LMP. Contraception 2005; 72:328-332.

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106. Anti-D administration after spontaneous miscarriage for preventing Rhesus alloimmunisation., Karanth L¹, Jaafar SH, Kanagasabai S, Nair NS, Barua A. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Mar 28;3:CD009617. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009617.pub2.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23543581

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Further Readings

Psychological studies:

Adler NE, David HP, Major BN, Roth SH, Russo NF, Wyatt GE. (1992) Psychological factors in abortion: a review.
American Psychology 47:1194-204.

Dagg PKB. (1991) The psychological sequelae of therapeutic abortion: denied and completed. American Journal of Psychiatry 148:578-85.

Stotland NL. (1997) Psychosocial aspects of induced abortion. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 40:673-86.

Stotland NL. (2002) Psychiatric issues related to infertility, reproductive technologies, and abortion. Primary Care 29:13-26.

AMRC — Academy of Medical Royal Colleges (2011) Induced Abortion and Mental Health: A Systematic Review of the Mental Health Outcomes of Induced Abortion, Including their Prevalence and Associated Factors. London: Academy of Medical Royal Colleges

Charles, Vignetta E., et al. (2008). Abortion and Long-Term Mental Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Contraception, 78, 436–50

Timing of Misoprostol administration:

Schaff EA, Fielding SL, Westhoff C, et al. Vaginal misoprostol administered 1, 2, or 3 days after mifepristone for early medical abortion. Journal of the American Medical Association 2000;284:1948-53.

Use of mifepristone and misoprostol in nonpregnant women:

Glasier A, Thong M, Dewr M, Mackie M, Baird D. (1992) Mifepristone (RU 486) compared with high-dose estrogen and progestagen for emergency contraception. New England Journal of Medicine 1992; 327:1041-4. 

Webb A, Russell J, Elstein M. Comparison of Yuzpe regimen, danazol, and mifepristone (RU 486) in oral postcoital contraception. British Medical Journal 1992; 305:927-31.